Unix명령어 비교

2010. 6. 11. 18:14

Directory Mappings	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	SOLARIS
Root filesystem	/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1}	/ {/dev/hd4}	/ {/dev/sda1}	/ {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}
Home Directory	/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}	/home {/dev/hd1}		/export/home {/dev/vx/dsk/home}
	/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}	/tmp {/dev/hd3}		/tmp {/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
	/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}	/usr {/dev/hd2}		/usr
	/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}	/var {/dev/hd9var}		/var
Sample configuration files	/usr/newconfig	-
User Accounts	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	Solaris
Password files	/etc/passwd	/etc/passwd	/etc/passwd	/etc/passwd
Password files	/tcb/files/auth/r/root	/etc/security/passwd	/etc/shadow	/etc/shadow
Groups file	/etc/group	/etc/group	/etc/group	/etc/group
Groups file	/etc/logingroup	/etc/security/group	/etc/group	/etc/group
Maximum # of user ID	2147483647	4294967295	65535	2147483647
Allow/Deny remote login	/etc/securetty	/etc/security/user	/etc/securetty	/etc/default/login
Allow/Deny remote login	{console}	{rlogin=true}	{ttyp1}	{CONSOLE=/dev/console}
User nobody's id #	-2	4294967294	99	60001 & 65534(nobody4)
Group nobody's id #	-2(nogroup)	4294967294	99	60002 & 65534(nogroup)
Recover root password	>boot	boot from CD/Tape	linux S	boot cdrom -s
	Interact with IPL ? Y	Installation/Maintenance	vi /etc/shadow	mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /mnt
	ISL>hpux -is	Start Limited Shell		vi /mnt/etc/shadow
	vi /tcb/files/auth/r/root	getrootfs hdisk0
	vi /etc/shadow	vi /etc/security/passwd
Create new user	useradd	mkuser	useradd	useradd
Delete user	userdel	rmuser	userdel	userdel
List users	logins	lsuser -f ALL		logins
Modify user account	usermod	chuser -a	usermod	usermod
General Commands	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	Solaris
Unique host ID	uname -i	hostid	hostid	hostid
Administrator	sam	smit	linuxconf	admintool
Performance monitor	top, gpm, glance	top, topas, xmperf, monitor, netmon	top	top , perfmeter
System activity reporter	sar	sar		sar
Virtual Memory statistics	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics	iostat	iostat		iostat
하드웨어 상태 점검				/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag -v
Error logs	dmesg	alog -o -t boot errpt	dmesg	dmesg
Physical RAM	4TB	1M TB	64 GB {>2.3.24}	16TB
Shared Memory	8TB	64K TB	sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space	4TB	384K TB	900 MB
Swap device	/dev/vg00/lvol2	/dev/hd6	/dev/sda2	/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol
Swap file type	swap	/etc/swapspaces	partition type 82	swap
Display swap size	swapinfo -a	lsps -a	free	swap -l
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swap -a
Printers	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	Solaris
Printer Queues	/etc/lp/interface/*	/etc/qconfig	/var/spool/lpd/lp/*	/etc/lp/interfaces/*
Stop LP	lpshut	stopsrc -s lpd	/etc/init.d/lpd stop	/usr/lib/lp/lpshut
Start LP	lpsched	startsrc -s lpd	/etc/init.d/lpd start	/usr/lib/lp/lpsched
Submit print jobs	lp	enq	lpr	lp
		lp		lpr
		lpr
		qprt
LP statistics	lpstat	enq -A	lpq	lpstat
		lpq
		lpstat
		qchk
Remove print jobs	cancel	cancel	lprm	cancel
		lprm		lprm
		qcan
		enq -x
Add printer queue	lpadmin -p pq	smit mkpq	printtool	lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer queue	lpadmin -x pq	smit rmpq		lpadmin -x pq
Make default printer	lpadmin -d pq	export LPDEST="pq"		lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	Solaris
Network IP configuration	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	lsattr -E -l inet0	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/	/etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/inet/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters	ndd -h	no -a	sysctl -a \| grep net	ndd /dev/[tcp\|ip] ?
Routing daemon	gated	gated	routed	in.routed
NIC Configurations	lanscan –v lanadmin	ifconfig	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address	ifconfig lan0:1 IP	ifconfig en0 alias IP	modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP	ifconfig hme0:1 IP up
Login prompt	telnetd -b /etc/issue	HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg	/etc/issue	BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#	odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt \| sed "s/0-64/0-512/" \|	cd /dev	{/etc/system}
	NSTRPY=#	odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt	./MAKEDEV -v pty	set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}
				set npty = # {BSD}
	reboot	chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
		reboot		{/etc/iu.ap}
	insf -d ptys -n #			ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
	insf -d ptym -n #
	insf -d pts -s # -e -v			halt
				boot -r
Maximum # of ptys	{MAXUSERS}	512	256	176 {BSD} 3000 {SYSV}
Remote Shell	remsh	remsh rsh	rsh	rsh
YP/NIS service binder	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
System Files	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	Solaris
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab
NFS Client mounted directories	/etc/xtab	/etc/xtab	/var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/rmtab
Max File System	128 GB	128 GB	2 TB	1 TB
Max File Size	128 GB	64 GB	2 GB {512B block size}	1 TB
Max File Size	128 GB		8192 GB {8KB block size}	1 TB
Max # File Descriptors	60~ K	64 K	sysctl fs.file-max	64 K
DISK/LVM Commands	HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem	AIX	LINUX	SOLARIS
Filesystem table	/etc/fstab	/etc/filesystems	/etc/fstab	/etc/vfstab
Free disk blocks	bdf	df -k	df -k	df -k
Device listing	/sbin/ioscan	lsdev -C	cat /proc/devices	sysdef
Disk information	diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#	bootinfo -s hdisk#	cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model	format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry
Disk Label	pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#	lspv -l hdisk#	fdisk -l	prtvtoc
LVM Concepts	logical extents	Partition	logical extents	sub disk
	logical volume	Volume	logical volume	Volume
				Plex
	volume group	Volume group	volume group	disk group
Journal Filesystem type	vxfs	jfs	ext2	vxfs
Default volume group	/dev/vg00	/dev/rootvg		/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg
Display volume group	vgdisplay -v vg00	lsvg -l rootvg	vgdisplay -v	vxprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume	pvchange	chpv	pvchange
Prepare physical disk	pvcreate	mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#	pvcreate	vxdiskadd
List physical volume	pvdisplay	lspv	pvdisplay	vxprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group	vgreduce	reducevg	vgreduce	vxdg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	pvmove	migratepv	pvmove	vxassist move
Create volume group	vgcreate	mkvg	vgcreate	vxdg init
Remove volume group	vgremove		vgremove
Volume group availability	vgchange	chvg varyonvg	vgchange
Volume group availability	vgchange	varyoffvg	vgchange
Restore volume group	vgcfgrestore		vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	vgexport	exportvg	vgexport	vxdg deport
Imports volume group	vgimport	importvg	vgimport	vxdg import
Volume group listing	vgscan	lsvg	vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	lvchange	chlv	lvchange	vxedit set
List logical volume	lvdisplay	lslv	lvdisplay	vxprint -vl
Make logical volume	lvcreate	mklv	lvcreate	vxassist make
Extend logical volume	lvextend	extendlv	lvextend	vxassist growto
Reduce logical volume	lvreduce	extendlv	lvreduce	AIX reduce LV
Remove logical volume	lvremove	rmlv	lvremove	vxedit rm
Prepare boot volumes	lvlnboot	bootlist -m normal	lilo	vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes	lvrmboot
Extend File system	extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024}	chfs -a size=#	resize2fs	vxva mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors	lvsplit	rmlvcopy	lvsplit
Merge mirrors	lvmerge		lvmerge
Create mirrors	lvcreate -m 1	mklv -c 2		vxassist mirror
Add mirrors	lvextend -m 1	mklvcopy lv 2
Create striped volumes	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	mklv -u 3 -S 64K	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5
System recovery tape	/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery	mksysb -i /dev/rmt0
Backup	Fbackup`	savevg -i rootvg	tar cvf /dev/rst0 /	tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 ./etc
	tar cvf /dev/rmt/0m ./usr ./var ./etc
	tar cvf /dev/rmt/0mn ./usr ./var ./etc	tar cvf /dev/rmt0 ./usr
		tar cvf /dev/rmt1 ./usr
Restore	frecover	restvg	tar xvf /dev/rst0	ufsrestore
MISC	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	SOLARIS
Startup script	/sbin/rc	/etc/rc	/etc/rc.d/rc	/sbin/init.d
Kernel	/stand/vmunix	/usr/lib/boot/unix_up	/boot/vmlinuz	/kernel/genunix
Kernel Parameters	sysdef	lsattr -E -l sys0	sysctl -a	sysdef -i
	kmtune
	kmsystem
Reconfigure the kernel	cd /stand/build		cd /usr/src/linux	vi /etc/system
	/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system	chdev -l sys0 -a	make mrproper	reboot
	vi system		make menuconfig
	mk_kernel -s system		make dep
	cd /stand		make clean
	mv system system.prev		make bzimage
	mv vmunix vmunix.prev		make install
	mv dlkm dlkm.prev		make modules
	mv /stand/build/system system		make modules_install
	kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test
			cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16
			mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img
			vi /etc/lilo.conf
			lilo
List modules	kmadmin -s		Lsmod	modinfo
Load module	kmadmin -L		Insmod	modload
Unload module	kmadmin -U		Rmmod	modunload
Initialize system	set_parms initial	install_assist	Netconf	sys-unconfig
Physical RAM	grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	bootinfo -r	Free	prtconf
Kernel Bits	getconf KERNEL_BITS	getconf WORD_BIT	getconf WORD_BIT	isainfo –kv (getconf WORD_BIT)
Crash utility	adb	crash	lcrash	crash
Trace System Calls	tusc	syscalls	Strace	truss
Machine model	model	uname -m	uname –m	uname -imp
Machine model	uname -m	bootinfo -m	uname –m	uname -imp
OS Level	uname -r	oslevel	uname –r	uname -r
Run Level	who -r	who -r	Runlevel	who -r
Core dump files	/var/adm/crash	/var/adm/ras		/var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user	>boot	Key on service mode/F4	linux S	ok boot -s
	Interact with IPL ? Y	Boot from CD/Tape
	ISL>hpux -iS	Select Maintenance
		Limited function Shell
Maintenance mode	>boot			ok boot -as
	Interact with IPL ? Y
	ISL>hpux -lm
Interrupt Key	control-B			Stop-A
Return to console	Co			ok go
Timezone Management	/etc/TIMEZONE	/etc/environment	/etc/sysconfig/clock	/etc/TIMEZONE
Timezone Management	/etc/TIMEZONE	/etc/profile	/etc/sysconfig/clock	/etc/default/init
	.profile	/etc/environment		.profile
Path setenv	/etc/profile	/etc/profile		/etc/profile
	/etc/PATH , /etc/MANPATH	.profile

NTP Daemon	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons	/etc/ntp.conf	/etc/ntp.conf	/etc/inet/ntp.conf
NTP Daemon	/sbin/init.d/xntpd	startsrc -s xntpd	/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd	/etc/init.d/xntpd
Software	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	SOLARIS
Install Software	swinstall	installp -a	rpm -i package	pkgadd
Uninstall software	swremove	installp -u	rpm -e package	pkgrm
List installed software	swlist	lslpp -L all	rpm –qa	pkginfo
Verify installed software	swlist -l fileset -a state	lppchk -v	rpm -V package	pkginfo -i
Verify installed software	swlist -l fileset -a state		rpm -V package	pkginfo -p
List all files	swlist -l file fileset	lslpp -f fileset	rpm -ql package	pkgchk -l package
List installed patches	swlist -l patch	instfix -i		patchadd -p
List installed patches	what /stand/vmunix			patchadd -p
Package owner	swlist -l file \| grep path	lslpp -w path	rpm -qf file	pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory	/var/adm/sw/	/usr/lpp	/var/lib/rpm	/var/sadm
Devices	HP-UX	AIX	LINUX	SOLARIS
Devices	/dev	/dev	/dev	/devices
Install devices for attached peripherals	insf –e	cfgmgr -v	/dev/MAKEDEV	drvconfig
				devlinks
				disks
				tapes
				ports
Remove device	Rmsf	rmdev -l		rem_drv
Device drivers	Lsdev	lscfg		prtconf -D
CPU	ioscan -fnC processor	lsdev -Cc processor		psrinfo -v
List Terminal	ioscan -fnC tty	lsdev -Cc tty		pmadm -l
Diagnostics	Stm	diag		/usr/platform/`uname -m`/
				sbin/prtdiag
				ok test-all
				/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk	/dev/dsk/c#t#d0	/dev/hdisk#	/dev/sda	/dev/c#t#d0s2
CDROM	/dev/dsk/c#t2d0	/dev/cd0	/dev/cdrom	/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2
	mount –r /dev/~	mount –r –v cdrfs		mount –r –t hsfs /dev/~
				자동 mount 되며 mount 되지 않을 시 다음의 daemon restart /etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start cd 뺄때 eject
CDROM file type	Cdfs	cdrfs	iso9660	hsfs
Rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt/0m	/dev/rmt0	/dev/rst0 { c 9 0}	/dev/rmt/0
Non-rewinding tape drive	/dev/rmt/0mn	/dev/rmt0.1	/dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 }	/dev/rmt/0n
Floppy drive	-	/dev/rfd0	/dev/fd0	/dev/diskette

SUN (SOLARIS)

CPU 관련

CPU 정보 확인

l /usr/sbin/psrinfo ?v

Status of processor 6 as of: 05/20/03 09:56:03
Processor has been on-line since 05/14/03 10:43:05.
The sparcv9 processor operates at 400 MHz,
        and has a sparcv9 floating point processor.
Status of processor 7 as of: 05/20/03 09:56:03
Processor has been on-line since 05/14/03 10:43:09.
The sparcv9 processor operates at 400 MHz,
        and has a sparcv9 floating point processor.
Status of processor 10 as of: 05/20/03 09:56:03
Processor has been on-line since 05/14/03 10:43:09.
The sparcv9 processor operates at 400 MHz,
        and has a sparcv9 floating point processor.
Status of processor 11 as of: 05/20/03 09:56:03
Processor has been on-line since 05/14/03 10:43:09.
The sparcv9 processor operates at 400 MHz,
        and has a sparcv9 floating point processor.

CPU 사용량 확인

l TOP

메모리 관련

메모리 정보 확인

l /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag

CPU , Memory ,I/O CARD 조회가능

l /usr/sbin/prtconf

System Configuration: Sun Microsystems sun4u

Memory size: 14336 Megabytes

System Peripherals (Software Nodes): ……….계속 화면출력

프로세스 메모리 확인

l /usr/ucb/ps ?aux

USER PID %CPU %MEM SZ RSS TT S START TIME COMMAND

ohzzam 23410 5.0 0.1 7928 4280 pts/23 R 23:47:52 533:39 deq

…………

SZ : swap space(RAM 과 disk swap을 더하여)를 kilobytes로 보여준다.

RSS : RAM memory 사용량을 kilobytes로 보여준다.

%MEM : RAM memory의 사용량을 %로 보여준다.

l /usr/bin/ps ?elf

F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME

8 S ohzzam 12669 1 0 41 20 ? 158214 ? 5월 16일 4:28

SZ : swap space(RAM 과 disk swap을 더하여)를 page 단위로 보여준다.

한 page 단위는 4KB 또는 8KB 이며, 시스템에 따라 다르다.

정확한 page 단위는 "pagesize"이란 명령으로 확인할 수 있다.

% pagesize

8192

시스템 메모리 확인

l % prtmem

Total memory: 13918 Megabytes

Kernel Memory: 462 Megabytes

Application: 2938 Megabytes

Executable & libs: 534 Megabytes

File Cache: 9613 Megabytes

Free, file cache: 360 Megabytes

Free, free: 9 Megabytes

l % memps

PID Size Resident Shared Private Process

1161 2656k 2536k 2120k    416k -bash

l    %memps ?m (file cache로 올라가 있는 file 확인)

……….
8k 0k F   / (inode 1577003)

8k 0k F /user4 (inode 1023008)

8k 0k F /user3 (inode 3779292)

8k 0k F /user5 (inode 2551416)

8k 0k F /user3 (inode 2399564)

8k 0k F /user4 (inode 986633)

8k 0k F /user3 (inode 2495086)

8k 0k F /user3 (inode 3919991)
……….

l %vmstat ?p 1 10
Usage: vmstat [-cisS] [disk ...] [interval [count]]

%vmstat 1 1

procs memory page disk faults cpu

r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr s6 sd sd sd in sy cs us sy id

0 0 0 44048 2936 3 959 44 34 43 0 1 0 2 2 1 867 6994 3662 18 9 72

시스템 관련

LOG 확인

l vi /var/adm/messages

…….

May 20 10:50:15 testserver unix: NOTICE: alloc: /user3: file system full

May 20 10:56:49 testserver last message repeated 78 times

May 20 10:56:53 testserver unix: NOTICE: alloc: /user3: file system full

…….

운영체제 버전 확인

l uname ?sr 또는 uname -a

SunOS 5.7

32/64-비트 커널로 운영 중인지 확인하는 방법

l isainfo ?kv

64-bit sparcv9 kernel modules

또는

32-bit sparc kernel modules

패치 번호 확인

l showrev { -a : hostname, hostid, Release 등 전체확인, -p : patch 번호만 확인 }

% showrev -a

Hostname: testserver

Hostid: 82adj3ae

Release: 5.7

Kernel architecture: sun4u

Application architecture: sparc

Hardware provider: Sun_Microsystems

Domain:

Kernel version: SunOS 5.7 Generic 106541-19 November 2001

OpenWindows version:

OpenWindows Version 3.6.1 2 September 1999

Patch: 107063-01 Obsoletes: Requires: Incompatibles: Packages: SUNWtleux

Patch: 107437-03 Obsoletes: Requires: Incompatibles: Packages: SUNWtiu8x, SUNWtiu8

Patch: 107316-01 Obsoletes: Requires: Incompatibles: Packages: SUNWploc, SUNWplcx

l pkginfo (Install 되어있는 Package를 확인한다.)

system SUNWGtkr GTK - The GIMP Toolkit (Root)

system SUNWGtku GTK - The GIMP Toolkit (Usr)

system SUNWab2m Solaris Documentation Server Lookup

system SUNWaccr System Accounting, (Root)

system SUNWaccu System Accounting, (Usr)

system SUNWadmap System administration applications

디스크 관련

디스크 I/O 정보

l iostat

Usage : iostat [ -s ] [ -a ] [ -d | -t ] [ PhysicalVolume ... ] [ Interval [ Count ]

% iostat 3 1

tty sd0 sd1 sd2 sd3 cpu
tin tout kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv us sy wt id

1 1153 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 115 0 0 0 5 1 0 93

기타

한글 입력이 안되는 경우.

l env 명령을 사용하여 LANG가 ko로 설정이 되어있는지 확인한다.

% env | grep LANG
LANG=ko

l 위와 같은 결과가 나오지 않는 경우에는 다음과 같이 지정을 해준다.

1. csh을 사용하는 경우

% setenv LANG ko
% stty cs8 ?istrip ?parenb

2. bash, sh , ksh을 사용하는 경우

% LANG=ko
% export LANG
또는
%LANG=ko
%export
%stty cs8 ?istrip ?parenb

IBM (AIX)

CPU 관련

CPU 정보 확인

l topas

sys : 커널이 사용하는 process time slice에 대한 백분율.

User : 사용자 프로그램에서 사용하는 사용율.

Idle : 지금 사용되고 있지 않은 부분.

Wio : 디스크에서의 응답을 기다리는 부분을 말하는데 이 부분은 다른 프로세스가 올라와서 리소스 요청을 하면 사용될 수 있는 부분

l sar ?P ALL 3 10 (root)
Usage : sal <increment> <number>

% sar -P ALL 1 2

AIX aix 1 5 0001D01F4C00 05/20/03

12:54:00 cpu %usr %sys %wio %idle

12:54:02 0 32 52 15 1

1 31 45 19 4

- 31 49 17 2

12:54:03 0 25 48 7 20

1 36 34 9 21

- 32 40 8 20

평균 0 29 50 11 9

1 34 39 13 14

- 32 45 12 11

l lsattr ?El proc0 (5L)

state enable 프로세서 상태 거짓

type PowerPC_RS64-III 프로세서 유형 거짓

frequency 601600000 프로세서 속도 거짓

CPU 사용량 확인

TOP

메모리 관련

메모리 정보 확인

l topas

Memory : 물리적 메모리와 페이징 영역에 대한 부분을 보여준다.

물리적 메모리는 일단 계산 가능 영역(computational area)이 있고 계산 불가 영역(noncomputational area)이 있는데 계산 가능 영역(computational)은 프로세스가 사용하는 메모리의 부분이고

계산 불가 영역(noncomputational area)은 파일 캐시(file cache)용도로 사용하는 부분을 말한다.

paging in, out에 대한 부분도 보여주고 이 외에도 top process와 디스크 등의 사용율을 보여준다.

l svmon ?G

size inuse free pin virtual

memory 1048565 901587 146978 56480 216102

pg space 753664 41379

work pers clnt

pin 56480 0 0

in use 180237 721350 0

프로세스 메모리 확인

l ps ?aux

시스템에서 진행 중인 프로세스에 대한 정보를 %CPU, %MEM, RSS 값과 함께 보여준다.

l svmon ?P <pid>

% svmon -P 13658

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pid Command Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual 64-bit Mthrd

13658 at 19230 1605 1820 13917 Y Y

Vsid Esid Type Description Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual

4c272 11 work text data BSS heap 8371 0 34 403

0 0 work kernel seg 3109 1576 1745 4647

50994 - pers /dev/home_lv:5513252 2503 0 - -

89a2 - pers /dev/home_lv:5513251 2169 0 - -

14204 10 pers text data BSS heap,/dev/home 1590 0 - -

601f8 90000000 work shared library text 467 0 3 490

4c993 - pers /dev/home_lv:5513250 223 0 - -

500d5 - pers /dev/home_lv:5513249 220 0 - -

44991 - pers /dev/home_lv:5513248 215 0 - -

c402 9001000a work shared library data 111 0 0 111

1c207 90020014 work shared library 110 0 37 132

…………..

시스템 메모리 확인

l %vmstat ?p 1 10
Usage: vmstat [-cisS] [disk ...] [interval [count]]

%vmstat 1 1

procs memory page disk faults cpu

r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr s6 sd sd sd in sy cs us sy id

0 0 0 44048 2936 3 959 44 34 43 0 1 0 2 2 1 867 6994 3662 18 9 72

Memory Top 3 확인

l svmon -uP -t 3 | grep -p Pid 또는 svmon -P -t 3 ?p

% svmon ?uP ?t 3 | grep ?p Pid

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pid Command Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual 64-bit Mthrd

31462 at 95870 1605 1949 39704 Y Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pid Command Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual 64-bit Mthrd

26852 at 20352 1607 1841 14624 Y Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pid Command Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual 64-bit Mthrd

13658 at 19296 1605 1820 13917 Y Y

Real Memory Check

l Real Memory 사용률이 높은 3개의 프로세스를 체크하는 방법

USER PID %CPU %MEM SZ RSS TTY STAT STIME TIME

qa64 31462 0.5 4.0 141680 143816 - A 04:40:11 5:12

qa64 13658 0.5 1.0 38536 40584 A 04:24:05 5:23

qa64 26852 0.5 1.0 41320 43804 - A 04:39:39 4:59
…………

시스템 관련

LOG 확인

l syslog

기본적으로 /var/adm/syslog 여기에 위치해 있으나 없는 경우는 아래 syslog.conf에 설정되어 있는 파일 경로에서 찾으면 확인 가능하다.

l syslog.conf

% vi /etc/syslog

마지막 부분에

# example:

# "mail messages, at debug or higher, go to Log file. File must exist."

# "all facilities, at debug and higher, go to console"

# "all facilities, at crit or higher, go to all users"

# mail.debug /usr/spool/mqueue/syslog

# *.debug /dev/console

# *.crit *

# *.debug /tmp/syslog.out rotate size 100k files 4

# *.crit /tmp/syslog.out rotate time 1d

운영 체제 버전 확인

l Oslevel

5.1.0.0 또는 4.3.3.0 의 버전(Version) 으로 표시

l uname ?M

IBM,7025-6F1

l uname ?a

AIX aix 1 5 0001D01F4C00

패치 번호 확인

l lslpp

% lslpp ?L | grep motif

X11.adt.motif 5.1.0.0 C F AIXwindows Application

X11.motif.lib 5.1.0.10 C F AIXwindows Motif Libraries

X11.motif.mwm 5.1.0.0 C F AIXwindows Motif Window Manager

X11.msg.ko_KR.motif.lib 5.1.0.0 C F AIXwindows Motif Libraries

X11.msg.ko_KR.motif.mwm 5.1.0.0 C F AIXwindows Motif Window Mgr Msgs

디스크 관련

디스크 I/O 정보

l iostat
Usage : iostat [ -s ] [ -a ] [ -d | -t ] [ PhysicalVolume ... ] [ Interval [ Count ]

% iostat 3 1

tty: tin tout avg-cpu: % user % sys % idle % iowait

0.0 388.0 23.6 16.0 54.7 5.8

디스크: % tm_act Kbps tps Kb_read Kb_wrtn

hdisk1 0.1 5.8 0.1 14287 8650449

hdisk0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

hdisk2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 244

cd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

HP-UX

CPU 관련

CPU 정보 확인

l glance (화면출력 후 a)

CPU State Util LoadAvg(1/5/15 min) CSwitch Last Pid

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Unknown 1.5 0.6/ 0.6/ 0.7 742 1008

1 Unknown 2.3 1.0/ 1.0/ 1.1 708 21042

l model (Hz 표시)

정확한 결과는 아니다. 하지만 root의 권한이 필요하지 않다는 장점이 있다.

끝에 44로 표시된 부분이 440 MHz를 말한다.

% model

9000/800/L1000-44

l sam (root)

% sam -> performance monitor -> system properties ->
이동(tab), 선택(space bar)

Processors:

Active: 2

Total: 2

CPU Version: 2.0 PA8500

Clock Frequency: 440 MHz

Machine Identification: 527706557

Hardware Model: 9000/800/L1000-44

Kernel Width Support: 64

CPU 사용량 확인

l glance

l top

메모리 관련

메모리 정보 확인

l sam (root)

% sam -> performance monitor -> system properties ->
이동(tab), 선택(space bar)

Physical Memory: 2049.8 MB

Real Memory:

Active: 274282.9 KB

Total: 586006.5 KB

Virtual Memory:

Active: 431045.1 KB

Total: 815797.4 KB

Free Memory Pages: 263434 at 4 KB/page

Swap Space:

Avail: 4096 MB

Used: 745 MB

l dmesg

여러 정보가 출력 후 맨 아래에 결과 표시

Memory Information:

physical page size = 4096 bytes, logical page size = 4096 bytes

physical: 2097152 Kbytes, lockable: 1562592 Kbytes,
available: 1800988 Kbytes

프로세스 메모리 확인

l ps ?elf

% ps ?elf | grep altibase

401 R qa32 21042 1 0 152 20 4e73d340 40727 - 08:04:18 ? 14:37 /user5/qa32/ altibase -a boot

l glance (root)

시스템 메모리 확인

l %vmstat ?p 1 10
Usage: vmstat [-cisS] [disk ...] [interval [count]]

%vmstat 1 1

procs memory page disk faults cpu

r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr s6 sd sd sd in sy cs us sy id

0 0 0 44048 2936 3 959 44 34 43 0 1 0 2 2 1 867 6994 3662 18 9 72

시스템 관련

LOG 확인

l syslog

% vi /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log (새로운 로그파일)

% vi /var/adm/syslog/OLDsyslog.log (이전 로그파일)

운영 체제 버전 확인

l uname

% uname ?a

HP-UX hp B.11.11 U 9000/800 527706557 unlimited-user license

패치 번호 확인

l swlist

% swlist -l product | grep libc

PHCO_24400 1.0 libc cumulative patch

PHCO_24402 1.0 libc cumulative header file patch

디스크 관련

디스크 I/O 정보

l iostat

%iostat 3 1

device bps sps msps

c2t0d0 0 0.0 1.0
c1t0d0 0 0.0 1.0

NETWORK & OTHERS

l netstat ?in

Interface별 확인, Interface 이름 확인.

% netstat -in

Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue

lo0 8232 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 67063018 0 67063018 0 0 0

hme0 1500 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.11 20010913 0 20528248 0 0 0

l netstat ?rn

Routing Table 이름 표시

% netstat -rn

Routing Table:

Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface

-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------

192.168.1.0 192.168.1.11 U 3 4550 hme0

224.0.0.0 192.168.1.11 U 3 0 hme0

default 192.168.1.1 UG 0 2013

127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 066836525 lo0

l netstat ?an

UDP, TCP, Active UNIX domain sockets 등의 정보가 표시된다.

l Ifconfig

% ifconfig -a

lo0: flags=849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 8232

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000

hme0: flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 192.168.1.11 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255

l iostat

% iostat -x 30

extended device statistics

device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b

sd6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

ssd1 0.2 1.5 2.6 17.1 0.2 0.1 202.9 1 1

ssd3 0.1 1.3 1.2 129.6 0.0 0.0 55.9 0 1

ssd4 0.2 0.8 3.9 31.8 0.1 0.0 77.3 0 0

ssd8 0.5 3.4 7.1 137.2 0.5 0.1 158.4 0 3

ssd9 0.1 0.6 1.8 20.6 0.1 0.0 200.8 0 0

ssd10 0.9 12.0 10.8 320.1 1.5 0.4 146.0 1 9

ssd11 0.8 20.5 7.8 724.7 1.0 0.6 72.4 0 11

ssd12 0.3 2.5 3.7 53.8 0.3 0.1 121.0 0 2

nfs2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

1. svc_t (avque + avwait) : disk 응답시간

10 - 50 acceptable

100 - 1500 not acceptable

2. %b : 디스크를 얼마나 많이 쓰는가?

5% 이하는 무시

60% 이상이면 조정할 필요가 있다.

l uptime

OS가 부팅된 시점의 시간, 로드평균 정보표시

% uptime

11:52am up 0:35, 1 user, load average: 0.04, 0.01, 0.02

l mpstat (sun)

Load 가 골고루 분산되는지 확인할 때.

l sar (sun)

% sar ?g 1 5

-g(report paging activities)

-q(report on queue activity)

-r(report unused memory and disk blocks)

-u(report CPU utilization)

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